PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lewandrowski, Kai-Uwe
AU  - Abraham, Ivo
AU  - Ramírez León, Jorge Felipe
AU  - Cantú-Leal, Roberto
AU  - Longoria, Roberto Cantú
AU  - Soriano Sánchez, José Antonio
AU  - Yeung, Anthony
TI  - A Differential Clinical Benefit Examination of Full Lumbar Endoscopy vs Interspinous Process Spacers in the Treatment of Spinal Stenosis: An Effect Size Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes
AID  - 10.14444/8200
DP  - 2022 Feb 01
TA  - International Journal of Spine Surgery
PG  - 102--123
VI  - 16
IP  - 1
4099  - https://www.ijssurgery.com/content/16/1/102.short
4100  - https://www.ijssurgery.com/content/16/1/102.full
SO  - Int J Spine Surg2022 Feb 01; 16
AB  - Study Design A design-agnostic standardized effect meta-analysis of 48 randomized, prospective, and retrospective studies on clinical outcomes with spinal endoscopic and interspinous process spacer (IPS) surgery.Objective The study aimed to provide reference set of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) effect size data for back and leg pain following endoscopic and IPS decompression for lumbar herniated disc, foraminal, or lateral recess spinal stenosis.Background Mechanical low back pain following endoscopic transforaminal decompression may be more reliably reduced by simultaneous posterior column stabilization with IPS.Methods A systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1 January 2000 to 2 April 2020, identified 880 eligible endoscopy and 362 IPS studies varying in design and metrics. The authors compared calculated standardized effect sizes (Cohen’s d) for extracted ODI, VAS-back, and VAS-leg data.Results The pooled standardized effect size combining the ODI, VAS-back, and VAS-leg data for the total sample of 19862 data sets from the 30 endoscopy and 18 IPS was 0.877 (95% CI = 0.857–0.898). When stratified by surgery, the combined effect sizes were 0.877 (95% CI = 0.849–0.905) for endoscopic decompression and 0.863 (95% CI = 0.796–0.930; P = 0.056) for IPS implantation. The ODI effect sizes calculated on 6462 samples with directly visualized endoscopic decompression were 0.917 (95% CI = 0.891–0.943) versus 0.798 (95% CI = 0.713–0.883; P < 0.001) with indirect IPS decompression (P < 0.001). The VAS-back effect sizes calculated on 3672 samples were 0.661 (95% CI = 0.585–0.738) for endoscopy and 0.784 (95% CI: 0.644–0.923; P = 0.187) for IPS. The VAS-leg effect sizes calculated on 7890 samples were 0.885 (95% CI = 0.852–0.917) for endoscopic decompression and 0.851 (95% CI = 0.767–0.935; P = 0.427).Conclusion Lumbar IPS implantation produces larger reduction in low back pain than spinal endoscopy. On the basis of this meta-analysis, the combination of lumbar transforaminal endoscopy with simultaneous IPS has merits and should be formally investigated in higher grade clinical studies.Clinical Relevance Meta-analysis on the added clinical benefit of combining lumbar endoscopic decompression with an interspinous process spacer.Level of Evidence 2.