PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Croft, Andrew J.
AU  - Chanbour, Hani
AU  - Chen, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Young, Mason W.
AU  - Stephens, Byron F.
TI  - Implant Surface Technologies to Promote Spinal Fusion: A Narrative Review
AID  - 10.14444/8559
DP  - 2023 Dec 01
TA  - International Journal of Spine Surgery
PG  - 8559
4099  - https://www.ijssurgery.com/content/early/2023/11/30/8559.short
4100  - https://www.ijssurgery.com/content/early/2023/11/30/8559.full
AB  - The technology surrounding spinal fusion surgery has continuously evolved in tandem with advancements made in bioengineering. Over the past several decades, developments in biomechanics, surgical techniques, and materials science have expanded innovation in the spinal implant industry. This narrative review explores the current state of implant surface technologies utilized in spinal fusion surgery. This review covers various types of implant surface materials, focusing on interbody spacers composed of modified titanium, polyetheretherketone, hydroxyapatite, and other materials, as well as pedicle screw surface modifications. Advantages and disadvantages of the different surface materials are discussed, including their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and radiographic visibility. In addition, this review examines the role of surface modifications in enhancing osseointegration and reducing implant-related complications and, hopefully, improving patient outcomes. The findings suggest that while each material has its potential advantages, further research is needed to determine the optimal surface properties for enhancing spinal fusion outcomes.