RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Implant Surface Technologies to Promote Spinal Fusion: A Narrative Review JF International Journal of Spine Surgery JO Int J Spine Surg FD International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery SP S35 OP S43 DO 10.14444/8559 VO 17 IS S3 A1 Croft, Andrew J. A1 Chanbour, Hani A1 Chen, Jeffrey W. A1 Young, Mason W. A1 Stephens, Byron F. YR 2023 UL https://www.ijssurgery.com/content/17/S3/S35.abstract AB The technology surrounding spinal fusion surgery has continuously evolved in tandem with advancements made in bioengineering. Over the past several decades, developments in biomechanics, surgical techniques, and materials science have expanded innovation in the spinal implant industry. This narrative review explores the current state of implant surface technologies utilized in spinal fusion surgery. This review covers various types of implant surface materials, focusing on interbody spacers composed of modified titanium, polyetheretherketone, hydroxyapatite, and other materials, as well as pedicle screw surface modifications. Advantages and disadvantages of the different surface materials are discussed, including their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and radiographic visibility. In addition, this review examines the role of surface modifications in enhancing osseointegration and reducing implant-related complications and, hopefully, improving patient outcomes. The findings suggest that while each material has its potential advantages, further research is needed to determine the optimal surface properties for enhancing spinal fusion outcomes.