PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Riewruja, Kanyakorn
AU  - Tanasansomboon, Teerachat
AU  - Yingsakmongkol, Wicharn
AU  - Kotheeranurak, Vit
AU  - Limthongkul, Worawat
AU  - Chokesuwattanaskul, Ronpichai
AU  - Kerr, Stephen J.
AU  - Singhatanadgige, Weerasak
TI  - A Network Meta-Analysis Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Pedicle Screw Placement Techniques Using Intraoperative Conventional, Navigation, Robot-Assisted, and Augmented Reality Guiding Systems
AID  - 10.14444/8618
DP  - 2024 Jul 29
TA  - International Journal of Spine Surgery
PG  - 8618
4099  - https://www.ijssurgery.com/content/early/2024/07/29/8618.short
4100  - https://www.ijssurgery.com/content/early/2024/07/29/8618.full
AB  - Background Studies were reviewed and collected to compare different image guidance systems for pedicle screw placement (PSP) regarding accuracy and safety outcomes. Included were conventional, navigation, robot-assisted, and recent technology such as augmented reality (AR) guiding systems.Methods This network meta-analysis obtained human comparative studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding PSP found in 3 databases (Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus). Data extraction for accuracy, safety, and clinical outcomes were collected. The network meta-analysis was analyzed, and a surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank the treatment for all outcomes.Results The final 61 studies, including 13 RCTs and 48 non-RCTs, were included in the meta-analysis. These studies included a total of 17,023 patients and 35,451 pedicle screws. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve ranking demonstrated the supremacy of robotics in almost all accuracy outcomes except for the facet joint violation. Regarding perfect placement, the risk difference for AR was 19.1 (95% CI: 8.1–30.1), which was significantly higher than the conventional method. The robot-assisted and navigation systems had improved outcomes but were not significantly different in accuracy vs the conventional technique. There was no statistically significant difference concerning safety or clinical outcomes.Conclusions The accuracy of PSP achieved by robot-assisted technology was the highest, whereas the safety and clinical outcomes of the different methods were comparable. The recent AR technique provided better accuracy compared with navigation and conventional methods.Level of Evidence 2