Current published indications and methods of endoscopic spine surgery.
| Cervical |
| Disc herniations |
| 1. Anterior cervical discectomy (soft disc) |
| 2. Posterior cervical foraminotomy with discectomy (foraminal disc) |
| Stenosis |
| 1. Posterior cervical foraminotomy (foraminal stenosis) |
| 2. Posterior cervical decompressive laminotomy (central stenosis) |
| Thoracic |
| Disc herniations |
| Transforaminal thoracic discectomy (soft disc) |
| Stenosis |
| Posterior thoracic decompressive laminectomy |
| Lumbar |
| Disc herniations |
| 1. Transforaminal lumbar discectomy |
| 2. Ipsilateral interlaminar lumbar discectomy |
| 3. Contralateral interlaminar lumbar discectomy |
| Stenosis |
| 1. Ipsilateral interlaminar lumbar central and recess decompression |
| 2. Contralateral interlaminar lumbar central and recess decompression |
| 3. Paraspinal foraminal decompression |
| Contralateral interlaminar foraminal decompression |
| Spondylolisthesis |
| 1. Decompression only |
| 2. Endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion |
| Others |
| 1. Removal of synovial cysts |
| 2. Removal of epidural hematoma |
| 3. Drainage of epidural abscess |