Variables of included studies.
| Name | Design | Surgical Techniques | Comparison | n | Findings | Operative Time, mean | VAS-Leg (preop) | VAS-Leg (1-y postop) | VAS-Back (preop) | VAS-Back (1-y postop) | ODI (preop) | ODI (1-y postop) | Complic-ations |
| Ruetten et al, 2006 | Prospective study | UEILD | NA | 331 | 1. Improved VAS, ODI, NASS scores 2. Neurological deficit significantly reduced | 29 min | 7.4 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 79 | 22 | NA |
| Wu et al, 2020 | Prospective cohort study | UEILD | NA | 106 | 1. Improved VAS, ODI, NASS, MacNab scores 2. Fewer complication 3. Shorter hospitalizaiton duration | 68.9 min | 7.7 | 1.1 | 6.8 | 1.5 | 62 | 12 | 0.94% |
| Ruetten et al, 2009 | Prospective randomized controlled study | UEILD | Microscopic decompression | 161 | 1. Improved VAS, ODI, NASS scores 2. Neurological deficit significantly reduced 3. Shorter operating time 4. Lower complication rates 5. Postop pain reduced | 34 min | 7.3 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 78 | 20 | 1.20% |
| Komp et al, 2015 | Prospective randomized controlled study | UEILD | Microscopic decompression | 135 | 1. Improved VAS, ODI, NASS scores 2. Neurological deficit significantly reduced 3. Postop pain reduced 4. Shorter hospitalizaiton duration 5. Fewer complications | 42 min | 8.5 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 84 | 29 | 5% |
| Angela Carrascosa-Granada 2020 | Prospective, randomized, double-blind study | UEILD | Microscopic decompression | 20 | 1. Improved ODI, JOA scores 2. Improved walking claudication distance 3. Less blood loss 4. Less disability at 6 mo | 125 min | 8.0 (overall) | 0 (overall) | NA | NA | 72 | 6 | 20% |
| Kim et al, 2020 | Retrospective cohort | Uniportal endoscopic translaminar lumbar decompression | Microscopic decompression | 60 | 1. Improved VAS, ODI, and MacNab scores (1 wk) 2. Lower serum CPK and CRP enzyme (day 1 d) 3. Lower horiziontal displacement | 58.1 min | 7.1 (overall) | 1.2 (overall) | NA | NA | 71.2 | 23.5 | 3% |
| Lee et al, 2019 | Retrospective cohort | UEILD | Tubular and microscopic decompression | 270 | 1. Less immediate postop pain 2. Less increase in CPK 3. Shorter hospitalizaiton duration | 84 min | 7 | 2.5 | 6 | 2.2 | 69.8 | 34 | 7.90% |
| Lee et al, 2018 | Meta-analysis | UEILD | N/A | 156 | 1.Improved VAS, ODI scores | 69–122 min | Difference in means: 5.95 | Difference in means: 4.22 | Difference in means: 41.71 | 2.70% | |||
| Heo et al, 2019 | Retrospective cohort | UEILD | Biportal and microscopic decompression | 97 | Lower mean dural expansion | 61.6 min | 7.9 | 1.9 | 7 | 1.8 | 56.7 | 23.5 | 11% |
| Hasan et al, 2019 | Retrospective cohort | UEILD | Microscopic decompression | 45 | 1. Improved VAS, ODI scores 2. Less blood loss 3. Shorter hospitalization duration 4. Fewer periopertaive complications and reoperations | NA | 6.6 | 1.5 | 5.8 | 1.8 | 52.8 | 19.9 | 7% |
| Pairuchvej et al, 2019 | Systemic review and meta-analysis | UEILD | Biportal and microscopic decompression | 994 | 1. Improved VAS score 2. Fewer complications 3. Significant lower leg pain | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Wei et al, 2021 | Network meta-analysis | Endoscopic decompression | Interspinous process spacer device, laminectomy, laminotomy, minimally invasive decompression, non-surgery, split-decompression, decompresison, decompression plus fusion | 4341 | 1. Better short- and long-term disability change 2. Lower complications 3. Shortest hospitalization duration | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
NA, not available; NASS, North American Spine Society ; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; postop, postoperative; UEILD, uniportal endoscopic interlaminar lumbar decompression; VAS, visual analog scale.