Wilcoxon signed-rank test (preoperative vs postoperative ODI, VAS, PROMIS-29).
| Quality of life measure | Z | P Value |
| PROMIS-29 | ||
| Pain intensity | −2.414 | 0.016 |
| Pain interference | −2.414 | 0.016 |
| Social role | −1.051 | 0.293 |
| Fatigue | −1.859 | 0.063 |
| Sleep disturbance | −1.859 | 0.063 |
| Depression | −1.604 | 0.109 |
| Anxiety | −0.944 | 0.345 |
| Physical function | −0.841 | 0.400 |
| ODI | −1.363 | 0.173 |
| VAS | −1.980 | 0.048 |
ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; PROMIS-29, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29; VAS, visual analog scale.