Patient demographics.
| Characteristic | Total (n = 335) | No Arthroplasty (n = 310) | Arthroplasty (n = 25) | P Valuea |
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 53.1 ± 10.9 | 52.5 ± 10.9 | 61.4 ± 7.4 | 0.001 |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD | 30.8 ± 6.3 | 30.7 ± 6.3 | 31.9 ± 5.9 | 0.340 |
| Gender | 0.251 | |||
| Female | 37.3% (125) | 36.5% (113) | 48.0% (12) | |
| Male | 62.7% (210) | 63.5% (197) | 52.0% (13) | |
| Diabetic status | 0.645 | |||
| Nondiabetic | 89.3% (299) | 89.0% (276) | 92.0% (23) | |
| Diabetic | 10.7% (36) | 11.0% (34) | 8.0% (2) | |
| Smoking status | - | |||
| Nonsmoker | 100% (335) | 100% (310) | 100% (25) | |
| Smoker | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists score | 0.535 | |||
| <2 | 83.6% (280) | 85.2% (258) | 88.0% (22) | |
| ≥2 | 16.4% (55) | 16.8% (52) | 12.0% (3) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | 0.003 | |||
| <1 | 29.9% (100) | 31.9% (99) | 4.0% (1) | |
| ≥1 | 70.1% (235) | 68.1% (211) | 96.0% (24) | |
| Insurance | 0.025 | |||
| Medicare/Medicaid | 4.2% (14) | 4.2% (19) | 4.0% (1) | |
| Workers’ compensation | 26.9% (90) | 28.7% (89) | 4.0% (1) | |
| Private | 68.9% (231) | 67.1% (208) | 92.0% (23) | |
| Comorbid diagnoses | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 2.7% (9) | 2.6% (8) | 4.0% (1) | 0.673 |
| Hypertension | 30.7% (103) | 31.0% (96) | 28.0% (7) | 0.757 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1.8% (6) | 1.3% (4) | 8.0% (2) | 0.015 |
Note: Boldface indicates significance.
↵a P values calculated using χ 2 or t test.