Patients followed for more than 1 y (N = 48).
| Variables | Outcomes |
| Follow-up, mo, mean | 15 |
| Men, n | 25 |
| Women, n | 23 |
| Age, y, mean | 62 |
| Body mass index, mean | 30 |
| Smoker, n | 5 |
| Nonsmoker, n | 43 |
| Spondylolisthesis present, n | 23 |
| Spondylolisthesis absent, n | 25 |
| Length of surgery, min, mean | 73 |
| VAS score, mean | |
| Preoperative | 5.8 |
| Postoperative | 2.8 |
| Δ | 3.0a |
| Reduction | 50% |
| ODI, mean | |
| Preoperative | 46.8 |
| Postoperative | 24.3 |
| Δ | 22.5a |
| Reduction | 48% |
Abbreviations: ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale.
↵a P < 0.001.