Lumbar spine scenarios which were modeled.
| Model | Description | Load for iso-Range of Motiona (Nm) |
| Healthy | Healthy intact spine | 4 |
| LAM | Laminectomy only | 4 |
| LAM + FFX (U) | Laminectomy plus bilateral FFX devices (unfused) | 5.5 |
| LAM + FFX (F) | Laminectomy plus bilateral FFX devices (fused) | 6.1 |
| LAM + PS (U) | Laminectomy plus pedicle screws and rods (unfused) | 6.1 |
| LAM + PS (F) | Laminectomy plus pedicle screws and rods (fused) | 6.3 |
Abbreviations: F, fused; FFX, FFX device;LAM, laminectomy; PS, pedicle screw system; U, unfused.
↵a Loads modeled for sagittal extension only.