Table 3

Change from baseline test results for VAS pain and ODI/RMDQ disability scores.

Time Index Level Revision Spine Surgery Adjacent Level Revision Spine Surgery
 n  Mean Difference (95% CI) P Value n  Mean Difference (95% CI) P Value
VAS-backb       
 T1 14 29.6 (12.2, 46.9) 0.003a  12 55.2 (39.0, 71.4)  <0.001a
 T2 14 22.6 (3.2, 41.9) 0.026 15 30.6 (11.1, 50.1) 0.005a
 T3 13 43.3 (26.6, 60.0)  <0.001a  14 46.3 (27.6, 65.0)  <0.001a
 T4 13 11.8 (−9.5, 33.1) 0.252 15 32.0 (12.0, 52.0) 0.004a
VAS-legb       
 T1 13 33.5 (7.2, 59.8) 0.017 11 37.4 (12.7, 62.1) 0.007a
 T2 13 25.9 (1.2, 50.7) 0.042 12 17.5 (−11.2, 46.2) 0.207
 T3 12 41.4 (14.9, 67.9) 0.006a  11 24.5 (−0.4, 49.3) 0.053
 T4 12 20.0 (−17.7, 57.7) 0.267 12 23.3 (−0.8, 47.3) 0.057
ODIb       
 T1 14 20.7 (11.5, 29.9)  <0.001a  13 27.1 (21.0, 33.2)  <0.001a
 T2 14 15.7 (7.4, 24.0) 0.001a  15 18.3 (8.7, 28.0) 0.001a
 T3 13 27.8 (17.6, 37.9)  <0.001a  14 20.9 (6.5, 35.2) 0.008a
 T4 13 18.6 (6.7, 30.5) 0.005a  15 14.9 (5.9, 24.0) 0.003a
RMDQc       
 T1 14 8.3 (5.2, 11.4)  <0.001a  11 10.0 (6.8, 13.2)  <0.001a
 T2 14 4.9 (1.5, 8.3) 0.008a  15 6.9 (3.3, 10.4)  <0.001a
 T3 13 10.9 (7.6, 14.2)  <0.001a  14 7.8 (2.4, 13.1) 0.008a
 T4 13 7.8 (3.7, 11.8) 0.001a  15 6.9 (3.4, 10.5)  <0.001a

  • Abbreviations: ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; RMDQ, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; T1, first year after primary surgery; T2, final year after primary surgery; T3, first year after revision surgery; T4, final year after revision surgery with reported outcome; VAS, visual analog scale.

  • Note: A positive mean difference (change from baseline) denotes improvement in the outcome.

  • ↵a Statistical significance achieved when P < 0.013, after applying Bonferroni correction to multiple comparisons within each outcome.

  • ↵b Score ranged from 0 (none) to 100 (worst).

  • ↵c Score ranged from 0 (none) to 24 (worst).