Postoperative complications.
| Complication | n (%) |
| Ipsilateral hip flexor pain | 37 (45.1) |
| Ipsilateral hip flexor weakness | 32 (39.0) |
| Ipsilateral thigh numbness | 6 (7.3) |
| Contralateral hip flexor pain | 12 (14.6) |
| Contralateral hip flexor weakness | 3 (3.7) |
| Anterior longitudinal ligament rupture | 3 (3.7) |
| Urinary retention | 6 (7.3) |
| Aborted prone transpsoas level | 4 (4.9) |
| Pseudohernia | 1 (1.2) |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 1 (1.2) |
| Femoral nerve palsy | 2 (2.4) |
| Pneumonia | 1 (1.2) |
| Altered mental status | 1 (1.2) |
| Urosepsis | 1 (1.2) |
| Subsidence on 3-month radiographs | 1 (1.2) |
| Foot drop | 1 (1.2) |
| Bradycardia | 1 (1.2) |
| Adjacent segment spondylolisthesis | 1 (1.2) |
| ST depression on electrocardiogram | 1 (1.2) |
| Psoas bleeding during retractor removal | 1 (1.2) |
| Death | 2 (2.4) |