Table 3

Postoperative univariate associations by chronic kidney disease stage.

	Stage 1 (n = 76,137)			Stage 2 (n = 92,698)			Stage 3a (n = 20,926)			Stage 3b (n = 7551)			Stage 4 (n = 1552)			Stage 5 (n = 869)
Variable	Steroid (n = 3413)	No Steroid (n = 72,724)	P Value	Steroid (n = 4351)	No Steroid (n = 88,347)	P Value	Steroid (n = 1368)	No Steroid (n = 19,558)	P Value	Steroid (n = 593)	No Steroid (n = 6958)	P Value	Steroid (n = 155)	No Steroid (n = 1397)	P Value	Steroid (n = 45)	No Steroid (n = 824)	P Value
Wound infection	101	1127	8.05E−09	154	1281	<2.2E−16	45	349	0.000273	16	146	0.3032	3	50	0.3579	3	42	0.5019
Pulmonary event	116	1060	4.27E−15	123	1217	2.68E−12	28	426	0.8476	29	219	0.02978	9	89	1	4	73	1
VTE	109	1117	1.96E−11	129	1482	6.18E−09	16	364	0.07382	22	151	0.02158	3	55	0.268	2	29	0.672
MACE	28	390	0.03271	58	710	0.00042	25	292	0.3036	5	150	0.03277	6	53	1	1	65	0.2455
Renal event	16	128	0.0007748	13	288	0.8913	16	99	0.003718	15	86	0.01424	1	66	0.0113	1	4	0.2339
Death within 30 d	73	252	<2.2E−16	49	403	7.28E−08	9	109	0.5748	4	81	0.4136	3	38	0.7919	0	33	0.4083
Sepsis	54	768	0.006418	92	766	4.37E−13	31	244	0.002941	20	110	0.004306	5	58	0.8291	4	29	0.08541
UTI	81	1104	0.0002175	152	1674	1.88E−11	53	548	0.02893	34	247	0.01225	7	69	1	2	12	0.1609
Transfusion within 72 h	782	10,356	<2.2E−16	941	13,805	<2.2E−16	330	3818	5.39E−05	153	1670	0.3422	53	436	0.4663	11	326	0.05818
Return to OR	197	2851	3.23E−07	265	3169	3.64E−15	102	872	2.09E−06	47	324	0.0009916	11	121	0.6483	13	89	0.001095
LOS ≥10 d	515	5763	<2.2E−16	450	4935	<2.2E−16	150	1437	3.95E−06	85	617	3.41E−05	34	322	0.7639	19	333	0.7562

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; LOS, length of stay; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; OR, operating room; UTI, urinary tract infection; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
Note: Comparison of postoperative variables between lumbar spine fusion patient groups stratified by CKD stage. For each CKD stage, patients with reported chronic steroid use were compared with patients without chronic steroid use using Fisher exact tests. Statistical significance was defined as P value ≤0.05.