Table 2

Comparison of postoperative outcomes between endoscopic TLIF and minimally invasive TLIF.

OutcomeEndoscopic TLIFMinimally Invasive TLIF P Value
Clinical outcomes
 Length of stay, d1.8 ± 0.94.7 ± 2.9<0.001
 Blood loss, mL83 ± 75181 ± 2250.033
 Surgery duration, min165 ± 15259 ± 43<0.001
Patient-reported outcome scores
 VAS back pain0.6 ± 1.50.7 ± 1.80.777
 VAS lower limb pain0.8 ± 1.90.3 ± 1.10.355
 Oswestry Disability Index19.2 ± 10.015.9 ± 13.10.378
 Neurogenic Symptom Score12.1 ± 17.414.6 ± 16.40.673
Radiological outcomes
 Change in segmental lordosis, °2.9 ± 1.92.3 ± 2.60.444
 Change in posterior disc height, mm2.7 ± 1.22.0 ± 1.40.145
 Change in listhesis, mm−4.4 ± 2.8−3.1 ± 2.40.157

  • Abbreviation: VAS, visual analog score.

  • Note: Data presented as mean ± SD.