Components of conservative therapy.
| Number of Conservative Therapies Needed | PT Required | ESI | Prescription Strength NSAIDs/Analgesic | Conflate PT, OMM, and Chiropractic | |
| Evicore | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| AIM Specialty Health | 2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Orthonet | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Lifetime Health Care Group (NY) | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| UPMC (PA) | 3 | Yes | Required | Required | No |
| Aetna | 2 | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| United | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Kaiser | 0 | No | No | No | No |
Abbreviations: ESI, epidural steroid injection; N/A, not available; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine; PT, physical therapy; UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.