Summary of patient characteristics.a
| Patient Characteristic | Erector Spinae Plane (n = 36) | Control (n = 108) | P Value |
| Age, y | 62.5 (9.4) | 62.9 (1.3) | 0.840 |
| Body mass index | 29.5 (5.1) | 31.5 (6.2) | 0.092 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 19 (52.8%) | 51 (47.2%) | 0.564 |
| Female | 17 (47.2%) | 57 (52.8%) | |
| Smoking | 5 (13.9%) | 25 (23.1%) | 0.236 |
| Diabetes | 10 (27.8%) | 26 (24.1%) | 0.657 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 6 (16.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | <0.001a |
| Drug abuse history | 2 (5.6%) | 6 (5.6%) | >0.99 |
| Previous pain management | 13 (36.1%) | 54 (50.0%) | 0.148 |
| Number of levels | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 0.702 |
Note: Data presented as number (%), mean (SD), or median (interquartile range).
↵a Statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).