Patient demographics and preoperative clinical outcomes.
| Characteristics | Nondiabetics (n = 30) | Diabetics (n = 30) | P a |
| Age, y | 61.7 ± 10.9 | 63.3 ± 8.6 | 0.533 |
| Sex | |||
| Women | 17 (56.7%) | 15 (50.0%) | 0.605 |
| Men | 13 (43.3%) | 15 (50.0%) | |
| Body mass index | 28.0 ± 4.7 | 28.2 ± 4.3 | 0.863 |
| ASA classification | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0.786 |
| Smoking | 9 (30.0%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0.222 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 19 (63.3%) | 22 (73.3%) | 0.405 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 15 (50.0%) | 23 (76.7%) | 0.032 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 3 (10.0%) | 7 (23.3%) | 0.166 |
| Stroke | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.313 |
| Asthma | 1 (3.3%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0.301 |
| Operative time, min | 155.2 ± 44.3 | 155.3 ± 31.9 | 0.998 |
| Length of stay, d | 4.1 ± 1.9 | 4.5 ± 3.0 | 0.658 |
| Preoperative outcomes | |||
| VAS back pain | 6.8 ± 2.8 | 6.5 ± 2.6 | 0.740 |
| VAS leg pain | 7.1 ± 3.0 | 6.7 ± 3.0 | 0.552 |
| Oswestry Disability Index | 52.9 ± 17.7 | 52.6 ± 17.9 | 0.945 |
| SF-36 PCS | 28.6 ± 8.2 | 29.7 ± 9.7 | 0.658 |
| SF-36 MCS | 47.6 ± 11.0 | 44.8 ± 12.0 | 0.341 |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; MCS, mental component score; PCS, physical component score; SF-36, Short Form-36; VAS, visual analog scale.
Note: Data presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. Boldface values indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05).
↵a P value was calculated for each category using χ2 analysis (categorical) or student’s t test (continuous).