Table 2

Summary of CSA, volumetric analysis, and spinopelvic parameters values.

Outcome MeasureBack PainNo Back Pain P
CSA
 Erector spinae, cm2, mean ± SD15.7 ± 3.817.1 ± 4.70.032
 Multifidus, cm2, mean ± SD5.9 ± 2.06.9 ± 2.20.004
 Psoas major, cm2, mean ± SD8.6 ± 3.210.8 ± 3.40.004
Paraspinal Muscle Volumetry
 Muscle clean volume, %, mean ± SD67.7 ± 12.480.9 ± 8.5<0.0001
 Fatty infiltration, %, mean ± SD32.4 ± 12.419.0 ± 8.3<0.0001
Spinopelvic Parameters
 Pelvic incidence, mean ± SD54.4° ± 13.5°49.9° ± 14.8°0.044
 Pelvic tilt, mean ± SD19.7° ± 9.3°13.7° ± 8.9°0.0001
 Lumbar lordosis (L1–S1), mean ± SD45.6° ± 20.2°51.2° ± 13.6°0.064
 Lumbar lordosis,a %81.255.60.171
 Pelvic mismatch,b %53.69.60.704

  • Abbreviation: CSA, cross-sectional area.

  • ↵a Percentage of patients with L1 to S1 lumbar lordosis values outside confidence interval values for age and sex.

  • ↵b Percentage of patients with pelvic mismatch values outside confidence interval values for age and sex.