Outcomes and follow-up for case series cohort.
| Case | Preoperative Neurological Deficit | Preoperative Frankel Grade | Postoperative Frankel Grade | Ambulatory Status at Final Follow-Up | Intraoperative Complications | Postoperative Complications and Revision Surgery | Hardware Removal |
| 1 | No | D (baseline) | C | Wheelchair | None | First surgery was percutaneous stabilization; required revision anterior discectomy due to persistent infection | Yes |
| 2 | Yes | D | E | Ambulatory | None | Patient fell and required revision left iliac screw due to screw/rod dissociation | Yes |
| 3 | Yes | E | E | Ambulatory | Dural tear (conversion from a laminectomy to a PSIF with repeat surgical decompression) | None | No |
| 4 | Yes | E | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 5 | Yes | C | D | Walker | None | None | No |
| 6 | Yes | E | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 7 | No | E | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 8 | No | E | E | Ambulatory | None | 1 y postoperatively, the patient presented with available abscess after not taking antibiotics and loose hardware. I&D and hardware removal was performed. | Yes |
| 9 | Yes | E | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 10 | No | E | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 11 | Yes | D | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 12 | No | C (baseline) | C | Nonambulatory (baseline) | None | None | No |
| 13 | Yes | D | C | Nonambulatory (deceased) | None | Deceased 1 wk postoperatively due to hypoxia/cardiac arrest | No |
| 14 | No | E | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 15 | Yes | A | B | Nonambulatory (baseline) | None | Wound dehiscence successfully treated by local wound care | No |
| 16 | Yes | D | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 17 | Yes | D | E | Ambulatory | None | Patient developed severe kyphoscoliosis and required revision posterior/anterior with longer fusion construct | No |
| 18 | No | E | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 19 | No | D | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 20 | Yes | B | Not assessed | Not assessed | None | Deceased 9 d postoperatively due to cardiac arrest, anoxic brain injury | No |
| 21 | Yes | C | C | Nonambulatory | None | None | No |
| 22 | Yes | E | C | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 23 | Yes | D | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 24 | Yes | A | C | Stands with walker | None | None | No |
| 25 | No | E | E | Ambulatory, deceased | None | Pain and radiculopathy postoperatively requiring L4/5 decompression | No |
| 26 | Yes | D | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
| 27 | Yes | D | E | Ambulatory | None | None | No |
Abbreviations: I&D, irrigation and debridement; PSIF, posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion.