Table 4

Variation of patients’ VAS and ODI scores over time.

Outcome Measure	Preoperative, mean ± SD	Postoperative, mean ± SD			P ^{^a}
Outcome Measure	Preoperative, mean ± SD	6-mo	12-mo	24-mo	P ^{^a}
VAS	6.88 ± 0.78	2.36 ± 0.95	1.04 ± 0.93	0.96 ± 0.93	<0.001
ODI	67.52 ± 6.74	26.96 ± 8.68	10.64 ± 11.21	9.52 ± 10.07	<0.001

Abbreviations: ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analog scale.
↵a Repeated measure analysis of variance was applied.