Demographic data.
| Characteristics | LLIF (n = 30) | PLIF (n = 50) | P |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Men | 9 (30) | 18 (36) | 0.633 |
| Women | 21 (70) | 32 (64) | |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 59 (55, 63) | 61 (51, 69) | 0.598 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.34 ± 3. 88 | 25.21 ± 3.97 | 0.894 |
| Underlying diseases, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 15 (50) | 22 (44) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (20) | 9 (18) | 0.319 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0 (0) | 4 (8) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (10) | 2 (4) | |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Spinal stenosis | 16 (53) | 16 (32) | |
| Spondylolisthesis | 9 (30) | 32 (64) | 0.007a |
| Degenerative disc disease | 5 (17) | 2 (4) | |
| Level of spine, n (%) | |||
| L2–L3 | 3 (10) | 1 (2) | |
| L3–L4 | 4 (13) | 3 (6) | 0.006a |
| L4–L5 | 23 (77) | 32 (64) | |
| L5–S1 | 0 (0) | 14 (28) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; LLIF, lateral lumbar interbody fusion; PLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion.
↵a Significant at a P value of less than 0.05. Statistical analysis using the Student’s t test without pairing, Mann-Whitney U test, χ 2 test, and Fisher’s exact test.