Perioperative and intraoperative variables of patients undergoing spine surgery for metastatic renal cell carcinoma according to postoperative treatment received.
| Variable | All (N = 49) | Radiotherapy (n = 4) | Targeted Systemic Therapy (n = 19) | Dual Therapy (n = 12) | Neither Therapy (n = 14) | P |
| Perioperative Variables | ||||||
| Mechanical pain, n (%) | 27 (55.1%) | 2 (50.0%) | 8 (42.1%) | 7 (58.3%) | 10 (71.4%) | 0.426 |
| Biological pain, n (%) | 25 (51.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 12 (63.2%) | 7 (58.3%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.255 |
| Neurological pain, n (%) | 25 (51.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (57.9%) | 6 (50.0%) | 8 (57.1%) | 0.226 |
| Sensory deficit, n (%) | 18 (36.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (47.4%) | 3 (25.0%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.266 |
| Motor deficit, n (%) | 21 (42.9%) | 3 (75.0%) | 10 (52.6%) | 5 (41.7%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.164 |
| Preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score, mean ± SD | 70.2 ± 15.7 | 73.8 ± 17.0 | 64.2 ± 19.2 | 75.0 ± 12.4 | 73.2 ± 10.7 | 0.372 |
| Tumor Size (levels), mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 2.2 | 0.413 |
| Oligometastatic, n (%) | 0.157 | |||||
| 0 | 34 (69.4%) | 4 (100.0%) | 10 (52.6%) | 8 (66.7%) | 12 (85.7%) | |
| <5 | 13 (26.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (42.1%) | 4 (33.3%) | 1 (7.1%) | |
| 5+ | 2 (4.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (5.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (7.1%) | |
| Bilsky score, n (%) | 0.034 | |||||
| 0 | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| 1a | 4 (8.2%) | 1 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (16.7%) | 1 (7.1%) | |
| 1b | 4 (8.2%) | 1 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| 2 | 14 (28.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (26.3%) | 3 (25.0%) | 6 (42.9%) | |
| 3 | 24 (49.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 13 (68.4%) | 3 (25.0%) | 6 (42.9%) | |
| Preoperative embolization, n (%) | 23 (47.9%) | 3 (75.0%) | 8 (42.1%) | 7 (58.3%) | 5 (38.5%) | 0.490 |
| Preoperative radiotherapy, n (%) | 4 (8.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (21.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.116 |
| Intraoperative Variables | ||||||
| Total decompressed levels, mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 0.341 |
| Total instrumented levels, mean ± SD | 5.0 ± 2.1 | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 0.389 |
| Transpedicular approach, n (%) | 23 (46.9%) | 2 (50.0%) | 9 (47.4%) | 6 (50.0%) | 6 (42.9%) | >0.999 |
| Costotransversectomy, n (%) | 10 (20.4%) | 1 (25.0%) | 4 (21.1%) | 4 (33.3%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.365 |
| Operative time, min, mean ± SD | 325.1 ± 127.1 | 320.0 ± 165.8 | 361.1 ± 131.6 | 342.7 ± 113.5 | 262.9 ± 109.7 | 0.051 |
| Estimated blood loss, mL, mean ± SD | 1408.8 ± 1239.9 | 868.8 ± 675.0 | 1462.1 ± 1104.4 | 1375.0 ± 1126.4 | 1519.6 ± 1643.4 | 0.799 |
| Intraoperative monitor change, n (%) | 2 (4.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.435 |
| Length of stay, d, mean ± SD | 6.7 ± 6.0 | 13.8 ± 16.5 | 5.5 ± 3.3 | 6.6 ± 5.3 | 6.5 ± 3.7 | 0.726 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistically significant findings.