Demographic details and primary diagnosis of patient cohort (N = 115).
| Variable | Value |
| Age, y, mean (range) | 62 (18–81) |
| Sex, M:F | 14:101 |
| Diagnosis, n | |
| Adult degenerative scoliosis | 62 |
| Adult idiopathic scoliosis | 30 |
| Others (pathological scoliosis, congenital scoliosis, and kyphoscoliosis) | 23 |
| Levels instrumented per case, median; mean | 16; 13.8 |
| Levels instrumented using 3D-printed drill guides per case, median; mean | 11; 9.7 |