Baseline demographics and operative parameters.
| Parameter | Value |
| Number of patients | 111 |
| Sex, women, n (%) | 63 (56.8) |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 62 ± 13.1 |
| Follow-up time, d, median (range) | 64 ± 38.5 |
| PICs implanted, n | 135 |
| Approach, n (% of PICs) | |
| ALIF | 85 (63) |
| LLIF | 7 (5) |
| TLIF | 43 (32) |
| Number of levels fused, n (% of PICs) | |
| 1-level | 72 (53) |
| 2-levels | 63 (47) |
| Level of fusion, n (% of PICs) | |
| L4–L5 | 27 (20) |
| L5–S1 | 45 (33) |
| L4–S1 | 63 (47) |
Abbreviations: ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; LLIF, lateral lumbar interbody fusion; PICs, personalized interbody cages; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.