Characteristics and outcomes measures of eligible studies.
| Study | Type of Study | Perioperative Outcomes | Patient-Reported Outcomes | Radiographic Outcomes |
| Amaral 202321 | Single-center retrospective medical record review | _ | _ | SL, LL, SS, PI, and PT |
| Buckland 202314 | Multicenter retrospective medical record review | OT, EBL, LOS, complications, and reoperations | _ | SVA, SL, LL, and PI-LL mismatch |
| Diaz-Aguilar 202324 | Multicenter retrospective medical record review | OT, EBL, LOS, complications, and FT | ODI and VAS back pain | LL, PI, PT, and PI-LL mismatch |
| Farber 202212 | Retrospective case series | OT, EBL, LOS, complications, reoperations, subsidence, FT, and RT | ODI, VAS-back, VAS-leg, and SF 36 | _ |
| Godzik 202015 | Retrospective case series | OT, EBL, RT, FT, and complications | ODI and VAS-back | LL, PI, SVA, and CCA |
| Lamartina 202023 | Prospective study nonrandomized control study | OT, EBL, LOS, complications, reoperations, and FT | ODI, NRS back, and NRS leg | _ |
| Patel 202325 | Retrospective nonrandomized controlled study | OT, EBL, LOS, RT, and complications | _ | _ |
| Pimenta 202116 | Retrospective multicenter nonrandomized study | OT, EBL, LOS, complications, and reoperations | _ | SL, LL, SS, PI, PT, and PI-LL mismatch |
| Pimenta 202116 | Retrospective multicenter nonrandomized study | OT, EBL, LOS, RT, complications, and revisions | _ | _ |
| Smith 202126 | Prospective multicenter nonrandomized study | OT, EBL, LOS, and complications | _ | _ |
| Soliman 202222 | Retrospective medical record review | OT, EBL, LOS, complications, reoperations, and FT | ODI and SF-12 | SA, LL, SS, PI, and PT |
| Soliman 202322 | Retrospective medical record review | OT, EBL, LOS, and complications | ODI and SF-12 | LL, PI, SS, PT, and PI-LL mismatch |
| Walker 202117 | Retrospective medical record review | _ | _ | SA, SL, LL, PI, PT, PI-LL mismatch, and ADH |
| Wang 202227 | Retrospective case series | OT, EBL, LOS, and complications | _ | SA, SL, and LL |
| Wellington 202330 | Retrospective medical record review | LOS and complications | ODI, VAS-back, and VAS-leg | SL, LL, and ADH |
Abbreviations: ADH, anterior disc height; CCA, coronal Cobb angle; EBL, estimated blood loss; FT, fluoroscopy time; LL, lumbar lordosis; LOS, length of stay; NRS, numerical rating scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; OT, operative time; PI, pelvic incidence; PT, pelvic tilt; RT, Retractor time; SA, sagittal alignment; SF, short form; SL, segmental lordosis; SS, sacral slope; SVA, sagittal vertical alignment; VAS, visual analog scale.