Patient diagnosis and surgical data.
| Variable | All | Short Fusion | Long Fusion | P |
| Preoperative diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Degenerative disc disease | 104 (96.3) | 66 (97.1) | 39 (97.5) | 0.651a |
| Stenosis | 94 (87.0) | 61 (89.7) | 33 (82.5) | 0.282 |
| Spondylolisthesis | 38 (35.2) | 29 (42.7) | 9 (22.5) | 0.034 |
| Radiculopathy | 92 (85.2) | 61 (89.7) | 31 (77.5) | 0.084 |
| Neurogenic claudication | 26 (24.1) | 13 (19.1) | 13 (32.5) | 0.116 |
| Back pain | 100 (92.6) | 60 (88.2) | 40 (100.0) | 0.024 |
| Kyphosis | 22 (20.4) | 6 (8.8) | 16 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| Scoliosis | 41 (38.0) | 12 (17.7) | 29 (72.5) | <0.001 |
| Sagittal imbalance | 24 (22.2) | 8 (11.8) | 16 (40.0) | 0.001 |
| Pseudarthrosis | 8 (7.4) | 7 (10.3) | 1 (2.5) | 0.135 |
| Infection | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (2.5) | 0.37a |
| Fracture | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 |
| Novel implant device data | ||||
| Total number in cohort | 278 | 164 | 114 | |
| No. per patient, n (%) | ||||
| 1-level | 2 (1.9) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (2.5) | >0.99a |
| 2-level | 50 (46.3) | 42 (61.8) | 8 (20.0) | <0.001 |
| 3-level | 48 (44.4) | 21 (30.9) | 27 (67.5) | <0.001 |
| 4-level | 8 (7.4) | 4 (5.9) | 4 (10.0) | 0.465a |
| Mean/patient (SD) | 2.57 (0.66) | 2.41 (0.63) | 2.85 (0.62) | <0.001 |
| Range | 1–4 | 1–4 | 1–4 | N/A |
| Levels, n (%) | ||||
| L2–L3 | 8 (7.4) | 5 (7.4) | 3 (7.5) | 0.978 |
| L3–L4 | 59 (54.6) | 28 (41.2) | 31 (77.5) | <0.001 |
| L4–L5 | 105 (97.2) | 65 (95.6) | 40 (100) | 0.294a |
| L5–S1 | 104 (95.4) | 65 (95.6) | 39 (97.5) | >0.99a |
| L5–L6/L6–S1 | 2 (1.9) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (2.5) | >0.99a |
| Posterior fusion, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 101 (93.5) | 61 (89.7) | 40 (100.0) | 0.036 |
| No | 7 (6.5) | 7 (10.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.045a |
| No. of levels | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.1 (4.0) | 2.4 (1.1) | 9.7 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| Range | 0–15 | 0–5 | 8–15 | N/A |
| Estimated blood loss, mL | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 858.9 (1027.1) | 432.1 (535.3) | 1573.8 (1243.1) | <0.001 |
| Range | 50–6150 | 50–3050 | 250–6150 | N/A |
| Length of stay, d | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.2 (3.6) | 4.9 (2.5) | 8.5 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Range | 1–20 | 1–13 | 4–20 | N/A |
Abbreviation: N/A, not applicable.
↵a Fisher’s exact test was performed for comparison; all other comparisons of proportions were performed with the χ2 test.