Summary of surgical outcomes.
| Surgical Outcome, n (%) | All | Short Fusion | Long Fusion | P |
| Iliac vein injury | 3 (2.8) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.5) | 1.0a |
| Dural tear | 5 (4.6) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (10.0) | 0.062a |
| Posterior implant problem | 2 (1.9) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.53a |
| Estimated blood loss >2500 mL | 8 (7.4) | 1 (1.5) | 7 (17.5) | 0.004a |
| Neurological injury | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0a |
| Bone morphogenetic protein neuritis | 4 (3.7) | 4 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.294a |
| Wound complications | 13 (12.0) | 4 (5.9) | 9 (22.5) | 0.015a |
| Wound infection | 5 (4.6) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (10.0) | 0.01 |
| Symptomatic hardware | 6 (5.6) | 3 (4.4) | 3 (7.5) | 0.668a |
| Abdominal hernia | 3 (2.8) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.5) | 1.0a |
| Sacroiliac joint dysfunction | 2 (1.9) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.53a |
| Persistent radiculopathy | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0a |
| PJK/PJF/PJ | 8 (7.4) | 2 (2.9) | 6 (15.0) | 0.05a |
| Adjacent segment degeneration | 21 (19.4) | 14 (20.6) | 7 (17.5) | 0.022 |
| Rod fracture | 3 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.8) | 0.07 |
Abbreviation: PJK/PJF/PJ, proximal junctional kyphosis/proximal junctional failure/proximal junctional fracture.
↵a Fisher’s exact test was performed for comparison; all other comparisons of proportions were performed with the χ2 test.