Table 3

VAS back and leg pain outcomes over 12 months in 1335 surgery patients.

Months Postsurgery	VAS Outcome			Change From Baseline
Months Postsurgery	n	Median	IQR	n	Median Difference^{^a}	95% CI	P ^{^b}
Back Pain
0 (baseline)	1058	72.0	56.3–83.0
3	1274	17.0	5.3–38.0	1019	46.0	45.0–50.0	<0.001
6	1227	11.0	3.0–26.0	975	54.0	52.0–57.0	<0.001
12	1120	9.0	2.0–23.0	915	56.0	53.0–58.0	<0.001
Leg Pain
0 (baseline)	1049	43.0	9.0–72.0
3	1274	9.0	0.0–30.0	1010	18.0	15.0–23.0	<0.001
6	1225	2.0	0.0–15.0	965	26.0	22.0–30.0	<0.001
12	1116	2.0	0.0–13.0	900	28.0	23.0–33.0	<0.001

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; VAS, visual analog scale (0 = no pain to 100 = worst pain).
↵a A positive median difference indicates an improvement or reduction in pain score.
↵b All differences from baseline were statistically significant.