Author | Cases | Age, y | Treatment Strategies | Follow-Up, mo |
Gleizes et al4 | 8 | 44.8 | A modified Gallie arthrodesis, posterior C1–C2 screw fixation, C2 pedicle screw | 13.6 |
Guiot and Fessler5 | 9 | 57.8 | Posterior C1–C2 transarticular screw+ Songer cable, anterior/posterior C1–C2 transarticular screw, or/and odontoid screw | 28.5 |
Dickman et al6 | 10 | 44 | External immobilization, C1–C2 wiring/fusion | 41 |
Liu et al7 | 3 | 38, 18, and 56 | Dontoid screw fixation combined with atlantoaxial pedicle screw fixation surgery without fusion, plaster immobilization | 9, 1, and 30 |
Zhao et al8 | 21 | 52.4 | Halo vest, posterior C–C2 pedicle screw fixation, occipital cervical fusion | 23.9 |
Josten et al9 | 23 | 84.6 | Anterior odontoid and transarticular C1/C2 screw fixation | 12 |
Malagelada et al10 | 1 | 92 | Rigid collar | 1 |
Biakto et al11 | 1 | 17 | Occipital cervical fusion | 2 |
Note: Age and follow-up are given as mean except for Liu et al, Malagelada et al, and Biakto et al, which are give as number.