Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Country | Brace, n | No Brace, n | Patients, n, M:F | Surgical Procedure | Wear Time | Brace Type | Follow-Up, mo |
| Fujiwara 201910 | Japan | 53 | 20 | 31:42 | PLIF | 3 mo | Waistband with a metal brace | 24 |
| Ma 202111 | Taiwan | 42 | 42 | 16:68 | Minimally invasive TLIF | 3 mo | Rigid brace | 12 |
| Soliman 201812 | Canada | 25 | 18 | 20:23 | PLIF | 12 wk | Rigid brace | 3 |
| Yao 201813 | Taiwan | 44 | 46 | 32:58 | TLIF | 12 wk | Rigid brace | 12 |
| Yee 200814 | United States | 37 | 35 | 35:37 | Posterolateral lumbar fusion | 12 wk | Waistband with a metal brace | 24 |
Abbreviations: F, female; M, male; PLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.