Design and clinical characteristics of included studies.
| Study | No. of Patients by Prophylaxis Timing | Type of PTP | Dose of VTEP | Additional Prophylaxis | Median GCS | Trauma ISS | |
| Early | Late | ||||||
| Hamidi, 20209 | 332 | 194 | LMWH | Not mentioned | No | Early: 15 (14–15), Late: 15 (14–15) | Early: 13 (10–17), Late: 15 (9–27) |
| Zeeshan, 201810 | 1772 | 1772 | LMWH | Not mentioned | Unfractionated heparin | 15 | 14 |
| Aito, 200211 | 99 | 176 | LMWH | Not mentioned | Mechanical prophylaxis | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
Abbreviations: GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, injury severity scale; LMWH, low molecule weight heparin; PTP, pharmacotherapy prophylaxis; VTEP, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.