Adverse events of patients included in meta-analyses.
| Adverse Events | Outpatient (N = 2070) | Inpatient (N = 12,554) |
| No. of patients with any adverse event | 165 | 1453 |
| Death | 0 | 4 |
| Vascular injury | <11 | 55 |
| Sepsis | <11 | 99 |
| Septic shock | 0 | 2 |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 17 | 151 |
| Myocardial infarction | <11 | 31 |
| Cardiac arrest | 0 | 3 |
| Stroke | <11 | 16 |
| Acute kidney injury | 13 | 106 |
| Acute renal failure | 0 | 4 |
| Postoperative ventilator use >48 h | 0 | 5 |
| Pulmonary embolus | <12 | 79 |
| Unplanned reintubation | 1 | 5 |
| SSI | 36 | 318 |
| Wound complication | 48 | 374 |
| Wound dehiscence | 0 | 5 |
| Organ/space SSI | 0 | 12 |
| Deep SSI | 0 | 12 |
| Nausea/vomiting | <11 | 43 |
| Urinary retention | <11 | 100 |
| Urinary tract infection | 47 | 376 |
| Bleeding requiring transfusion | <11 | 167 |
| Pneumonia | 20 | 174 |
| Progressive renal insufficiency | 0 | 2 |
| Superficial SSI | 1 | 30 |
| Hematoma | <11 | 38 |
| Hematoma/seroma | 2 | 2 |
| Nerve root injury | 0 | 1 |
| Complex regional pain syndrome | 0 | 1 |
| Intraoperative dural tear | <11 | 33 |
Abbreviation: SSI, surgical site infection.