Demographics and preoperative parameters for 117 patients undergoing robotic spine surgery.
| Parameters | N (%) | Mean ± SD |
| Age, y | 60.6 ± 13.2 | |
| Sex, male | 67 (57%) | |
| Race | ||
| White | 84 (72%) | |
| African American | 28 (24%) | |
| Asian | 1 (0.8%) | |
| Unreported/unknown | 4 (3.4%) | |
| BMI | 29.9 ± 6.4 | |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current | 14 (12%) | |
| Former | 49 (42%) | |
| ASA classification | ||
| 1 | 2 (1.7%) | |
| 2 | 60 (51%) | |
| 3 | 53 (45%) | |
| 4 | 2 (1.7%) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2.2 ± 2.8 | |
| Karnofsky Score | ||
| ≤40 | 2 (1.7%) | |
| 50–70 | 56 (48%) | |
| ≥80 | 59 (50%) | |
| Frankel Grade | ||
| A | 0 (0%) | |
| B | 1 (0.8%) | |
| C | 2 (1.7%) | |
| D | 66 (56%) | |
| E | 48 (41%) | |
| Indications for surgery | ||
| Spondylolisthesis | 56 (48%) | |
| Fracture | 12 (10%) | |
| Pseudarthrosis | 12 (10%) | |
| Spondylosis | 12 (10%) | |
| Tumor | 8 (6.8%) | |
| Other | 17 (15%) | |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index.