Postoperative patient outcomes stratified by perceived surgical outcome at 3 months.
| Outcome Measure | Good (N = 130) | Poor (N = 34) | P | q a |
| VAS Back Outcomes, median (IQR) | ||||
| Preoperative | 6.0 (4.0–7.4) | 6.0 (5.0–7.8) | 0.243b | 0.547 |
| ΔDay 1 | 1.5 (–0.9–3.7) | 1.1 (–0.1–3.2) | 0.893c | 0.966 |
| ΔDay 4 | 2.0 (0–4.5) | 2.2 (0–4.6) | 0.953d | 0.966 |
| Δ1 week | 2.5 (0.5–5.0) | 2.5 (1.1–4.0) | 0.864c | 0.966 |
| Δ2 weeks | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 3.0 (1.0–4.7) | 0.890d | 0.966 |
| Δ3 months | 3.5 (1.0–6.0) | 1.7 (–0.7–3.9) | 0.002b | 0.009 |
| VAS Ipsilateral Leg Outcomes, median (IQR) | ||||
| Preoperative | 6.3 (4.0–8.0) | 6.0 (4.1–8.0) | 0.966b | 0.966 |
| ΔDay 1 | 3.8 (1.0–6.5) | 2.5 (0–6.0) | 0.170b | 0.437 |
| ΔDay 4 | 3.6 (1.0–6.0) | 3.0 (–0.6–6.3) | 0.334b | 0.547 |
| Δ1 week | 3.6 (1.5–6.5) | 2.5 (–0.4–4.4) | 0.016b | 0.058 |
| Δ2 weeks | 4.0 (2.0–6.5) | 1.5 (–0.8–4.4) | 0.002b | 0.009 |
| Δ3 months | 4.5 (2.9–7.2) | 2.5 (–0.9–5.1) | 0.001b | 0.009 |
| ODI Outcomes, median (IQR) | ||||
| Preoperative | 20.2 (15.1–26.0) | 20.1 (16.1–28.0) | 0.320d | 0.547 |
| ΔDay 1 | 0 (–6.0–7.7) | –2.5 (–10.8–5.8) | 0.562d | 0.806 |
| ΔDay 4 | –1.0 (–5.7–7.8) | 0 (–9.0–8.2) | 0.582d | 0.806 |
| Δ1 week | 2.8 (–3.9–9.9) | 0.9 (–7.9–8.8) | 0.294d | 0.547 |
| Δ2 weeks | 5.0 (–2.8–11.2) | 2.1 (–4.9–7.6) | 0.090b | 0.270 |
| Δ3 months | 12.1 (6.8–19.0) | 4.1 (–2.5–10.2) | <0.001d | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; VAS, visual analog scale.
Note: “Δ” Values are reported as the median change in score from preoperative evaluation to the indicated follow-up time point. Positive values represent an improvement and negative values represent a decline. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).
↵a False discovery rate correction for multiple testing.
↵b Wilcoxon rank sum test.
↵c Welch’s t test.
↵d Two sample t test.