Patient characteristics between 3 groups.
| Variable | PLIF group (n = 122) | PLF group (n = 126) | Hybrid group (n = 130) | Statistic | P |
| Age, y | 58 ± 9 | 60 ± 8 | 59 ± 10 | 0.279 | 0.757 |
| Gender | 4.575 | 0.101 | |||
| Men | 61 (50%) | 42 (33.3%) | 39(30%) | ||
| Women | 61 (50%) | 84 (66.7%) | 91(70%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 3.8 | 24.8 ± 3.0 | 25.9 ± 3.6 | 1.470 | 0.233 |
| Primary diagnosis | 6.215 | 0.184 | |||
| Lumbar spondylolisthesis | 15 (11.9%) | 34 (26.7%) | 37 (28.3%) | ||
| Lumbar stenosis | 61 (50%) | 45 (35.6%) | 61 (46.7%) | ||
| Lumbar disc herniation | 46 (38.1%) | 47 (37.8%) | 33 (25.0%) | ||
| Pfirrmann’s classification of the upper adjacent segment | 6.698 | 0.584 | |||
| I | 29 (23.8%) | 30 (24.4%) | 28 (21.7%) | ||
| II | 26 (21.4%) | 47 (37.8%) | 50 (38.3%) | ||
| III | 46 (38.1%) | 27 (22.2%) | 28 (21.7%) | ||
| IV | 14 (11.9%) | 17 (13.3%) | 15 (11.7%) | ||
| V | 7 (4.8%) | 5 (2.2%) | 9 (6.7%) | ||
| Pfirrmann’s classification of lower adjacent segment | 8.218 | 0.412 | |||
| I | 17 (14.3%) | 20 (15.6%) | 33 (25%) | ||
| II | 46 (38.1%) | 59 (46.7%) | 50 (38.3%) | ||
| III | 26 (21.4%) | 22 (17.8%) | 33 (25%) | ||
| IV | 23 (19%) | 11 (8.9%) | 11 (8.3%) | ||
| V | 10 (7.1%) | 14 (11.1%) | 4 (3.3%) | ||
| Affected levels | 0.234 | 0.890 | |||
| 3 levels | 70 (57.1%) | 78 (62.2%) | 78 (60%) | ||
| 4 levels | 52 (42.9%) | 48 (37.8%) | 52 (40%) | ||
| Duration of follow-up (y) | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 2.467 | 0.088 |
| Functional scores | |||||
| ODI | 71.9 ± 7.5 | 71.9 ± 3.9 | 73.7 ± 4.7 | 2.111 | 0.124 |
| JOA | 11.2 ± 2.5 | 11.4 ± 2.9 | 11.2 ± 2.8 | 0.116 | 0.891 |
| VAS (low back) | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 1.559 | 0.213 |
| VAS (low limbs) | 6.5 ± 1.1 | 6.8 ± 1.0 | 6.5 ± 1.1 | 1.251 | 0.289 |
| SF-36 PCS (%) | 22.0 ± 5.7 | 23.0 ± 6.2 | 21.1 ± 5.8 | 1.650 | 0.195 |
| SF-36 MCS (%) | 32.4 ± 6.0 | 33.0 ± 6.2 | 31.0 ± 5.6 | 1.960 | 0.114 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; JOA, Japanese Orthopedic Association; MCS, Mental Component Score; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; PCS, Physical Component Score; PLF, posterior lumbar fusion; PLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion; SF-36, 36-item Short Form Health Survey; VAS, visual analog scale.
Note: Data presented as mean ± SD or n (%).