Characteristics of respondents who returned valid questionnaires (N = 63).
| Characteristics | N | % |
| Specialty | ||
| Orthopedic surgery | 63 | 100 |
| Neurosurgery | 0 | 0 |
| Age, y | ||
| <30 | 10 | 16 |
| 30–39 | 23 | 36 |
| 40–49 | 20 | 32 |
| 50–59 | 8 | 13 |
| >60 | 2 | 3 |
| Spine surgery experience, y | ||
| No regular surgery | 9 | 14 |
| <5 | 12 | 19 |
| 5–10 | 16 | 26 |
| 10–20 | 19 | 30 |
| >20 | 7 | 11 |
| Annual number of spine surgeries | ||
| <20 | 11 | 18 |
| 20–50 | 11 | 18 |
| 50–80 | 10 | 16 |
| >80 | 31 | 49 |
| Position | ||
| Training in progress | 32 | 51 |
| Attending surgeon | 17 | 27 |
| Chief/director | 14 | 22 |
| Facility | ||
| University hospital | 15 | 24 |
| Public hospital | 30 | 48 |
| Private general hospital | 16 | 25 |
| Private spine hospital | 2 | 3 |