Demographic data.
| Variable | Mean ± SD or n (%) | P | ||
| Total (N = 48) | Group A (N = 24) | Group B (N = 24) | ||
| Age, y | 65.88 ± 13.49 | 69.04 ± 13.47 | 62.71 ± 13.02 | 0.104 |
| Gender | 0.082 | |||
| Female | 22 (45.83) | 14 (58.33) | 8 (33.33) | |
| Male | 26 (54.17) | 10 (41.67) | 16 (66.67) | |
| LOS, d | 3.42 ± 0.92 | 3.83 ± 0.92 | 3.500 ± 0.72 | 0.065 |
| Operative time, min | 63.79 ± 25.57 | 61.75 ± 24.13 | 65.83 ± 24.64 | 0.067 |
| Intraoperative bleeding, cc | 69.33 ± 22.20 | 65.00 ± 25.51 | 63.67 ± 28.36 | 0.483 |
Abbreviations: BESS, biportal endoscopic spine surgery; LOS, Length of stay.
Note: Group A underwent conventional BESS technique. Group B underwent both-facet joint–preserving BESS technique. P < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference.