Published Fusion Rates for Bone Grafts.
| Author | Evaluation of Fusion | Graft Material | Comorbidities | Time | Fusion Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dimar et al. (2006)32 | CT: Solid Unilateral or bilateral fusion | rhBMP-2/CRM | Workers comp – 13.2% Spinal litigation- 3.8% Smoking- 32.1% | 12 months | 90.6% |
| ICBG | Workers comp -17.8% Spinal litigation -15.6% Smoking - 22.2% | 12 months | 73.3% | ||
| Jenis and Banco (2010)37 | CT: Graft consolidation on a least 2 contiguous cuts and in at least 2 of 3 planes | Silicate-substituted calcium phosphate (Actifuse, Baxter) | Smoking-9.5% Diabetics- 9.5% | 12 months | 76.2% |
| Nagineni etal. (2012)36 | CT: Graft consolidation on a least 2 contiguous cuts and in at least 2 of 3 planes | Silicate-substituted calcium phosphate (Actifuse, Baxter) | Smoking – 11% | ∼12 months | 80% (Lumbaronly) |
| Nandyala etal. (2014)38 | CT: Presence of bridging trabecular bone on at least 2 consecutive coronal and sagittal images, blurring of the bone-graft endplate junction, and absence of radiologic cleft within fusion mass | A Silicate-substituted calcium phosphate (Actifuse, Baxter) | Workers comp –38.5% Smoking – 30.8% | 12 months | 65.4% |
| rhBMP-2 (INFUSE, Medtronic, Inc.) | Workers comp –26.9% Smoking – 26.9% | 12 months | 92.3% | ||
| Roh et al. (2013)39 | Radiograph: Presence of bridging bone across endplates or from endplates to interspace disc plugs | rhBMP-2 (INFUSE, Medtronic, Inc.) | Not available | 12 months | 83.5% |
| Allogenic Morphogenic protein (OsteoAMP, Advanced Biologics) | Not available | 12 months | 93.3% | ||
| Park et al (2013)33 | CT: Presence of bridging trabecular bone on at least 2 images and cortication of the peripheral edges of the fusion mass | rhBMP-2 (INFUSE, Medtronic) with LBG | Not available | 12 months | 85.7% |
| rhBMP-2 (INFUSE, Medtronic) with ICBG | Not available | 12 months | 83.4% | ||
| Malham, etal. (2014)26 | CT: Presence of bridging trabecular bone | rhBMP-2 (INFUSE, Medtronic, Inc.) | Smoking-9.2% Diabetes-2.3% Hypertension-7.6% Depression-3.8% Prior lumbar surgery-14.5% | 12 months | 96.5% ALIF 97.8 Hybrid |
| Ammerman,et al. (2013)17 | If patient asymptomatic: Radiographic evidence of bridging bone with no motion – 100% of patients evaluated with radiograph or If patient symptomatic: CT evidence of bridging bone | Allograft cellular bone matrix containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoprogenitor cells combined with DBM and cancellous bone (Osteocel Plus, Nuvasive) | Osteoporosis - 4.3% Diabetes - 13.0% Smoking - 4.3% Chronic steroid use -4.3% | 12 months | 92.3% |
| Tohmeh et al. (2012)40 | Fluoroscopy-guided radiography (FGX)- 98% of patients evaluated with FGX or CT: Complete ossification with some component of endplate involvement. – One patient (3%) was evaluated with CT | Allograft cellular bone matrix containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoprogenitor cells combined with DBM and cancellous bone (Osteocel Plus, Nuvasive) | Tobacco use - 12.5% Coronary ArteryDisease - 47.5% Diabetes - 20% COPD - 5% Steroid use - 8% Any prior spinesurgery - 65% Any prior spinesurgery - 65% | 12 months | 90.20% |
| Sardar, etal. (2015)19 | Based on Medical Metrics Inc. (Houston, Texas) criteria using CT and radiographs: Evidence of bridging bone Less than 50% radiolucency Less than 5 degrees of motion and less than 3 mm translation | B2A peptide (Prefix 150, BioSET, Inc) | Not available | 12 months | 50% |
| B2A peptide (Prefix 750, BioSET, Inc) | Not available | 12 months | 100% | ||
| ICBG | Not available | 12 months | 77.80% | ||
| Lauweryns,et al. (2015)34 | CT: Presence of bridging trabecular bone | ABM/P-15 (i-FACTOR, Cerpedics, Inc.)* | BMI 25-30 - 40% BMI >30 - 20% Tobacco use - 27.5% Diabetes - 12.5% | 12 months | 97.78% |
| ABG | 12 months | 82.22% | |||
| Thaler et al. (2013)41 | Radiograph: Bony bridging, bony continuity between endplate, trabecular structure in anterior bone and lack of radiolucent lines CT: 30% of endplate to endplate bridging anteriorly. Continuous intersegmental bridging in posterior column. | β – TCP (Chronos, Synthes) | Smoking – 32.4% Previous lumbar surgery adjacent to index level – 23.5% | 12 months | Radiographic– 47.7% CT – 61.4% |
| Berjano,etal. (2015)35 | CT: Evidence of bridging trabecular bone from lower endplate to upper endplate | Synthetic bone graft comprised of calcium phosphate granules and hydroxyapatite (Attrax,Nuvasive) | Not available | 12 months | 83% |
| Nanocrystals -nanohydroxyapatite-based bone graft substitute (Nanostim, Medtronic) | Not available | 12 months | 100% | ||
| ABG | Not available | 12 months | 75% | ||
| Calcium triphosphate | Not available | 12 months | 89% | ||
| Kurd et al. (2014)18 | CT: Brantigan, Steffee, Fraser method42
Radiographs: < 5 degrees motion | Osteconductive - allografts, tri-calcium phosphate (Vitoss, Orthovita, Inc), silicate-substitutedcalcium phosphate (Actifuse, ApaTech), ceramics (Mastergraft, Medtronic), andhydroxyapatite products (nannOss, Pioneer) | BMI (mean, SD) -32.5, 7.1 Smoking - 39.2% | 12 months | 93.75% |
| Osteoinductive - rhBMP-2 (Infuse Kit, Medtronic), demineralized bone matrices (GraftonDBM Matrix, Medtronic, Progenix DBM Putty, Medtronic), and stem cell-based products (Osteocel Plus, Nuvasive Inc) | BMI (mean, SD): 30.6,6.4 Smoking (%): 36.1% | 12 months | 87.18% |
↵* Not available for sale in the USA.