Culture-positive surgical site infections following thoracolumbar spine surgery with drain placement
| Organism | Depth of infection | Timing of Infection | Antibiotic Treatment Route | Revision Performed? | Incision and Drainage Performed? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSSA | Superficial | Delayed | IV | No | No |
| MSSA | Deep | Acute & Delayed | PO & IV | No | Yes |
| MRSA | Deep | Acute | PO & IV | No | Yes |
| MRSA | Deep | Delayed | PO & IV | No | Yes |
| CNS | Superficial | Acute | PO & IV | No | No |
| CNS | Superficial | Acute | PO | No | No |
| CNS | Superficial | Acute | PO & IV | No | Yes |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Superficial | Acute | PO | No | No |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Superficial | Acute & Delayed | PO | No | Yes |
| Escherichia coli | Superficial | Acute | PO | No | Yes |
| Escherichia coli | Deep | Acute | IV | No | Yes |
| Enterococcus | Superficial | Acute | PO & IV | No | Yes |
| Enterobacter | Superficial | Acute | PO & IV | No | Yes |
| Klebsiella | Superficial and Deep | Acute | IV | No | Yes |
| Polymicrobial + CNS | Deep | Acute | PO & IV | No | Yes |
| Polymicrobial + Enterococcus | Superficial | Acute | PO & IV | No | Yes |
| Enterococcus + Candida albicans | Deep | Acute | IV | No | Yes |
| Gram-negative rods + Klebsiella + Enterococcus | Superficial | Delayed | PO & IV | No | No |
| Klebsiella + CNS | Superficial | Delayed | PO | Yes | No |
| Pseudomonas + CNS | Superficial | Delayed | IV | No | No |
MSSA = Methicilin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA = Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; CNS = Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; Acute = within 30 days of surgery; Delayed = after 30 days following surgery; Acute & Delayed = one acute infection + one delayed infection in the same patient; IV = intravenous; PO = by mouth.