Characteristics of enrolled subjects.
| Characteristic | Non-Surgical Management (n = 46) | SIJ Fusion (n = 102) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD, range) ≥ 65 years old, n (%) | 53.8 (29.5-71.1) 8 (17.4%) | 50.2 (25.6-71.7) 10 (9.8%) | 0.0627 |
| Women, n (% female) | 28 60.9% | 75 (73.5%) | 0.1279 |
| Race, n (%) White Black American Indian Other |
44 (95.7%) 2 (4.3%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) |
97 (95.1%) 3 (2.9%) 1 (1.0%) 1 (1.0%) | 0.8344 |
| Ethnicity Hispanic or Latino, n (%) |
4 (8.7%) |
4 (3.9%) | 0.2552 |
| Body mass index, mean (range) | 30.6 (19.4-48.9) | 30.4 (16.7-49.5) | 0.8331 |
| Smoking status, n (%) Current smoker Former smoker Never smoker |
3 (6.5%) 13 (28.3%) 30 (65.2%) |
26 (25.5%) 30 (29.4%) 46 (45.1%) | 0.0117 |
| Ambulatory without assistance (n,%) | 41 (89.1%) | 89 (87.3%) | 1.0000 |
| Work status (n,%) Working full-time Working part time Not working, student Not working, retired Not working due to back pain Not working other reason |
21 (45.7%) 4 (8.7%) 0 (0.0%) 9 (19.6%) 8 (17.4%) 4 (8.7%) |
45 (44.1%) 9 (8.8%) 1 (1.0%) 21 (20.6%) 20 (19.6%) 6 (5.9%) | 0.9850 |
| Prior lumbar fusion (n,%) | 17 (37.0%) | 41 (40.2%) | 0.8558 |
| Underlying diagnosis Degenerative sacroiliitis Sacroiliac joint disruption |
40 (87.0%) 6 (13.0%) |
88 (86.3%) 14 (13.7%) | 1.0000 |
| Years of pain, mean (range) | 5.0 (0.5-38.9) | 7.0 (0.5-40.7) | 0.1037 |
| Pain syndrome Pain began peripartum Pain radiates down leg Groin pain Pain worse with sitting Pain worse with rising Pain worse with walking Pain worse with climbing stairs Pain worse descending stairs | 19 (41.3%) 41 (89.1%) 29 (63.0%) 41 (89.1%) 41 (89.1%) 42 (91.3%) 41 (89.1%) 37 (80.4%) |
29 (28.4%) 89 (87.3%) 60 (58.8%) 89 (87.3%) 88 (86.3%) 87 (85.3%) 93 (91.2%) 82 (80.4%) |
0.2710 1.0000 0.7177 1.0000 0.7926 0.4285 0.7638 1.0000 |
| Prior treatments Physical therapy Steroid SIJ injection RF ablation |
36 (78.3%) 42 (91.3%) 4 (8.7%) |
71 (69.6%) 85 (83.3%) 21 (20.6%) |
0.3247 0.3082 0.0972 |
| Taking opioids (n,%) | 29 (63.0%) | 70 (68.6%) | 0.6317 |
| Proportion with lumbar stenosis (n,%) | 7 (15.2%) | 15 (14.7%) | 1.0000 |
| Proportion with hip diagnosis (n,%) | 3 (6.5%) | 16 (15.7%) | 0.1837 |
| Proportion with sacral trauma (n,%) | 3 (6.5%) | 8 (7.8%) | 1.0000 |
| VAS SIJ pain score, mean (±SD) | 82.2 (9.9) | 82.3 (11.9) | 0.9280 |
| ODI score, mean (±SD) | 56.0 (14.0) | 57.2 (12.8) | 0.6328 |
| SF-36, mean (±SD) PCS MCS |
30.8 (6.1) 43.3 (12.1) |
30.2 (6.2) 43.0 (11.5) |
0.5709 0.8624 |
| EQ-5D TTO index Health Thermometer |
0.47 (0.19) 57.8 (22.9) |
0.44 (0.18) 53.2 (23.8) |
0.3376 0.2776 |
↵* Fisher p-value for nominal variables; t test for continuous variables.