Table 4

Results of meta-analysis of clinical outcome measures

Outcomes or subgroups	No. of studies	No. of patients	Statistical method	Effect estimate (95% CI)^†	P value
(3) VAS score
3.1 Baseline	11	877	WMD	0.14 [−0.01, 0.28]	>.05
3.2 at 1-7days	6	362	WMD	0.18 [0.02, 0.34]	<.05^*
3.3 at 1 month	2	214	WMD	0.45 [0.15, 0.75]	<.05^*
3.4 at 3 months	3	129	WMD	0.42 [0.14, 0.70]	<.05^*
3.5 at 6 months	5	387	WMD	0.89 [0.72, 1.06]	<.05^*
3.6 at 1 year	7	550	WMD	1.24 [1.07, 1.41]	<.05^*
3.7 at 2 years	2	205	WMD	1.01 [0.41, 1.60]	<.05^*
(4) ODI
4.1 Baseline	5	338	WMD	3.56 [1.61, 5.51]	<.05^*
4.2 at 1 week	1	52	WMD	10.40 [8.06, 12.74]	<.05^*
4.3 at 1 month	2	214	WMD	2.82 [0.72, 4.91]	<.05^*
4.4 at 3 months	3	257	WMD	4.31 [1.95, 6.67]	<.05^*
4.5 at 6 months	3	235	WMD	0.45 [−0.82, 1.72]	>.05
4.7 at 1 year	2	111	WMD	4.43 [−1.27, 10.13]	<.05^*
4.8 At 2 years	2	205	WMD	–4.00 [–11.57, 3.57]	>.05
(5) EQ-5D
5.1 Baseline	1	52	WMD	−0.08 [−0.12, −0.03]	<.05^*
5.3 at 1 week	1	52	WMD	−0.37 [−0.41, −0.33]	<.05^*
5.4 at 3 months	1	52	WMD	−0.15 [−0.18, −0.12]	<.05^*
5.5 at 10 months	1	52	WMD	−0.24 [−0.28, −0.21]	<.05^*

WMD, indicated weighted mean difference; CI, confidence interval.
If effect estimate is positive (> 0), it means vertebroplasty group is more than kyphoplasty group. If it is negative (< 0), it means vertebroplasty group is less than kyphoplasty group. Whether it is significant lies on the P value.
↵* Statistically significant.
↵† Effect estimate.