Preoperative Characteristics of Study Population (N = 100)
| No. or Mean ± SD (Range) | |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Men | 57 |
| Women | 43 |
| Age, y | 44.9 (23-63) |
| Height, cm | 174.6 ± 9.6 (154-196) |
| Weight, kg | 81.3 ± 15.6 (47-138) |
| Pain duration, months | 63.5 ± 74.6 (5-400) |
| Non-operative care | |
| Physical therapy | 99 |
| Chiropractic care | 61 |
| Acupuncture | 25 |
| Previous surgery | |
| Rizotomy | 15 |
| Discectomy | 32 |
| Laminectomy | 20 |
| Fusion | 15 |
| Smoking status | |
| Smoking | 39 |
| Nonsmoking | 61 |
| Preoperative employment status | |
| Employed | 86 |
| Not employed | 11 |
| Disabled | 2 |
| Retired | 1 |
| Claim or compensation patients | 8 |