Properties of Bone Graft Materials
| Bone Graft Substitute | Osteogenic Cells | Osteoinductive Factors | Osteoconductive Matrix | Initial Biomechanical Strength | Donor-Site Morbidity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autogenous bone, cancellous | +++ | ++ | +++ | - | ++ |
| Autogenous bone, cortical | + | + | + | +++ | + + |
| Allograft, frozen | - | + | + | ++ | - |
| Allograft, lyophilization | - | + | + | + | - |
| Ceramics | - | - | +++ | + | - |
| Demineralized bone matrix | - | ++ | + | - | - |
| Osteoinductive growth factors | - | +++ | - | - | - |
| Unfractionated bone marrow | ++ | + | - | - | + |
| Mesenchymal stem cells | +++ | - | - | - | + |
| Autologous platelet concentrate | - | ++ | - | - | - |
| Gene therapy, in vivo | - | +++ | - | - | - |
| Gene therapy, ex vivo | ++ | +++ | - | - | + |
- = Absent, + = Minimal, ++ = Moderate, +++ = Intense.