Outcomes
| Experimental | Control | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |
| One-year outcomes of key | ||||
| variables | ||||
| Back pain (VAS) | ||||
| Back pain improvement | ||||
| ODI (0–100) | ||||
| ODI improvement | ||||
| EQ5D | ||||
| EQ5D improvement | ||||
| Two-year outcomes of | ||||
| key variables | ||||
| Back pain (VAS) | ||||
| Back pain improvement | ||||
| ODI (0–100) | ||||
| ODI improvement | ||||
| EQ5D | ||||
| EQ5D improvement | ||||
Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; EQ5D, EuroQol measure.