Table 1

Standard deviation of reproducibility in measurement of intervertebral displacement with use of EOS system in X-Y′-Z″ mobile sequence of axes for control group (kinematics based on 3D reconstructions of vertebrae)

XY′Z″
Extension2.0°1.2°* 1.7°
Flexion1.6°1.5°* 1.6°
Right lateral bending2.6°* 2.6°3.1°
Left lateral bending2.3°* 3.0°4.2°
Right axial torsion2.2°2.5°3.0°*
Left axial torsion2.7°2.2°3.1°*
  • * Main motion.