Characteristics of included studies.
| AUTHOR | Level of evidence (CP judgement on JBJS) | Mean FU (years) | Study Design/Type | N Cases/Grade (G) if available | Patient Factors (previous surgery, age, sex) | Type/Level of Spondylolisthesis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002_Hanson | Level IV - therapeutic, non-comparative retrospective, case series | 4.6 yrs (2-7) | Retrospective clinical | N = 17 (n = 15 G4; n = 2 G3) | 10 primary and 7 revision, pediatric and adult (9-56, 20.3 mean), 15F 2M | Isthmic, L5-S1 |
| 2002_Curylo | Level III - prognostic, retrospective study with no control group | n/a | Retrospective radiographic | n = 45 | Avg age 22 (11-55), 37F 16M | Spondyloptosis, bony dysplasia |
| 2002_ Hanson | Level II - prognostic, retrospective, with control | n/a | Retrospective radiographic | N = 80 (20 HG, 20 LG, 20 adult control, 20 pediatric control) | Mean age: HG (17.7, 10-50), LG (26.6, 15-51), adult (60), ped (11.8) | Isthmic |
| 2002_Molinari | Level III - therapeutic retrospective comparative study | 3.1 yrs (2-10) | Retrospective clinical | N = 31 (Higher Grade tended to get reduction and internal stabilization) | 31 primary, 6 revision, adolescent (13.5, 9-20) | Isthmic and dysplastic |
| 2003_Huang | Level II - prognostic, retrospective study, with control | n/a (preop x-rays only) | Retrospective radiographic | N= 36 (n = 22 HG, n = 14 LG) | Adolescents and adult: Avg 21.3 yrs (12-53), 24 women, 12 men, HG age 25.3, LG age 15.4 | Isthmic only, L5-S1 only |
| 2005_DeWald | Level III - prognostic, retrospective, with no control | 6.6 yrs (1-14) | Retrospective review and literature review | N = 21 | 5 revisions, Avg age 35 yrs (21-68), 13F 8M | Developmental (dysplatic) and acquired (isthmic), L5-S1 and L5-L6 |
| 2005_Shufflebarger | Level IV - therapeutic, case series | 3.3 yrs (2-5) | Prospective clinical, single arm cohort | N = 18 | Avg age 14 yrs (10-16), 11 women, 7 men | Isthmic dysplastic |
| 2005_Vialle | Level IV - prognostic case series | n/a | Radiographic analysis and clinical review | N = 100 | Avg age 13.8 yrs (8-17), 67 women, 33 men | Isthmic (with dysplastic posterior elements) |
| 2006_Helenius | Level III - therapeutic, retrospective comparative study | 17.2 yrs (11-26) | Retrospective comparative | n = 21 posterolateral n = 23 anterior n = 26 circumferential | Avg age 14.4 yrs, 25 women, 45 men | High-grade isthmic |
| 2006_Poussa | Level III - therapeutic, retrospective comparative study | 14.8yrs (11.6-18.7) | Retrospective follow-up, comparative, nonrandomized | N = 22, n = 11 reduction | Avg age 14.7 yrs (11-18) 16F 6M (split evenly between groups) | Isthmic >60%, 3 exaggerated lumbar lordosis, 1 scoliosis |
| n = 11 in situ | Isthmic >50%, Scoliosis n = 3 due to slip, Gait problems n = 3 | |||||
| 2006_Vialle | Level IV - therapeutic, case series | 18 yrs | Retrospective case series; clinical and radiographic outcomes | N = 40, all HG | 13.5 yrs (6-18), 25F 15M | all L5-S1, isthmic and/or dysplastic |
| 2007_Hresko | Level II - prognostic, retrospective study | n/a | Retrospective review, radiographic database of HGIS comparison to controls | N = 133 HG, asymptomatic controls matched by PI | 17 yrs (inclusion 10-40yrs), 70%F | Developmental spondylolisthesis, L5-S1 |
| 2007_Vialle | Level II - prognostic, retrospective study | n/a | Retrospective radiographic review w/ healthy control group | Total N = 244 patients, N = 300 control; HG n = 174: G3= 98, G4= 59, G5= 17 | N = 244: 13.9 yrs (6-25), 158F 86M | Developmental spondylolisthesis |
| 2008_Rodriguez-Olaverri | Level III - therapeutic, retrospective comparative study | 35 months (24-48) | Retrospective review of two treatments - radiographs and clinical | n = 20 TLIF, n = 2 Transsacral | 30yrs (19-48) | Mean grade 3.6 Meyerding (3-5) |
| 2008_Sasso | Level IV - prognostic, retrospective case series | 39 months (30-71) | Retrospective clinical study | n = 25 | 29.8yrs | High-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis |
| 2009_Hresko | Level IV - prognostic, retrospective case series | 2-yr min, mean 7.5±5.4 | Retrospective review | n = 26 | 13.1 +/-3.3 yrs. 20F 6M | High-grade spondylolisthesis |
| 2010_Sansur | Level II - prognostic retrospective study | NA | Retrospective large-scale database | n = 10,242 | Age >65 has higher comp rate, but not after adjusting for grade/type | Degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis |
| 2011_Jalanko | Level III - therapeutic, retrospective comparative study | HG 18 yrs (12-25) | Retrospective comparative study | n = 41 children, n = 19 HG | 12 yrs (8-14) HG- 13F 6M | Isthmic spondylolisthesis, low back pain in most or risk of progression |
| HG 15 yrs (11-26) | n = 41 adolescent matched controls (matched for treatment, gender, and slip severity), n = 19 HG | 16 yrs (13-19) HG- 13F 6M | ||||
| 2012_Kasliwal | Level II - prognostic, retrospective study | n/a, short-term | Retrospective study of database | N = 165; n = 88 pediatric: n = 40 G3, n = 34 G4, n = 14 G5 | 23% revisions (overall). 13.9 yrs (7-18); 61F 27M | Isthmic in n = 56 |
| n = 77 adult: n = 53 G3, n = 17 G4, n = 7 G5. Isthmic n = 47 | 23% revisions (overall). 44.4 yrs (19-84); 44F 33M | Isthmic in n = 47 | ||||
| 2014_Wang | Level II - prognostic, prospective cohort | N/A | Prospective clinical, two study arms | Isthmic n = 64 | 44.5 yrs (13-65); 30F 34M | Isthmic spondylolisthesis on L5 |