Study Design. Retrospective case review of children completing dual growing rod treatment
at our institutions. Patients had a minimum of 2 years follow-up. Objective. To identify the …

Introduction The degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) becomes innervated by sensory nerve
fibres, and vascularised by blood vessels. This study aimed to identify neurotrophins, …

Introduction The aims of these studies were to identify the cytokine and chemokine expression
profile of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and to determine the relationships between NP cell …

Background Chronic low back pain (LBP) is the most common cause of disability worldwide.
New ideas surrounding LBP are emerging that are based on interactions between …

Nerve and blood vessel ingrowth during intervertebral disc degeneration, is thought to be a
major cause of low back pain, however the regulation of this process is poorly understood. …

Purpose To provide a 5-year national overview of corrective spinal deformity surgery in the
United Kingdom. Methods Since 2008, the British Scoliosis Society has collected predefined …

Background Scoliosis surgery in childhood is associated with a range of postoperative
complications that may require admission to the pediatric intensive care unit ( PICU ) or high‐…

Background The exact etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is unknown, but
recently, vitamin D has been suggested to be of importance in the pathophysiology of AIS. This …

Osteochondromas are benign tumours of bony or cartilaginous origin, which may be solitary
or multiple. They are rare in the axial skeleton and have previously been reported to arise …

A registry is an organised collection of data that allows interrogation and analysis of that
information. Information regarding operations has always been collected and interpreted for …