State of the Art 1769 suppressed trauma patients (27). New evidence suggests that the
central nervous system can directly, and rapidly, attenuate the TNF response to endotoxin …

High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1, formerly known as HMG-1), a highly conserved
ubiquitous protein, has been for a long time described as a nuclear DNA-binding protein …

Low back pain as a result of degenerative disc disease imparts a large socioeconomic impact
on the health care system. Traditional concepts for treatment of lumbar disc degeneration …

We recently discovered that a ubiquitous protein, high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1),
is released by activated macrophages, and functions as a late mediator of lethal systemic …

Background: Surgical site infection in the spine is a serious postoperative complication.
Factors such as posterior surgical approach, arthrodesis, use of spinal instrumentation, age, …

Cerebral and myocardial ischemia, two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide, are associated with inflammation that can lead to multiple organ failure and death. …

Background The various methods of lumbar interbody fusion have been described in the
literature. With the development of the lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) approach, a wider …

Bacterial endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] stimulates macrophages to sequentially
release early [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] and late [high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)] …

High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) is a cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory …

Study Design. Population-based database analysis. Objective. To analyze trends in patient-and
healthcare-system-related characteristics, utilization and outcomes associated with …