Study Design Narrative review. Objectives The purpose of this review is to outline the role of
sex hormones, particularly estrogen, in the pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease (DDD…

OBJECTIVE Frailty is a clinical state of increased vulnerability due to age-associated decline
and has been well established as a perioperative risk factor. Geriatric patients have a …

Background Active patients with displaced femoral neck fractures are often treated with total
hip arthroplasty (THA). However, optimal femoral fixation in these patients is controversial. …

OBJECTIVE Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are among the most common intracranial tumors.
Understanding the clinical effects of various modifiable risk factors (MRFs) and nonmodifiable …

Purpose This study evaluates the influence of patient frailty status on postoperative
complications in those receiving single-level lumbar fusion surgery. Methods The nationwide …

Study Design/Setting Retrospective cohort analysis Objectives To characterize the impact of
COVID-19 on utilization of the ten most common spine procedures and percentages of …

Study design Retrospective Cohort Study. Purpose This study evaluates the impact of patient
frailty status on postoperative complications in those undergoing multi-level lumbar fusion …

Study Design. Retrospective cohort study. Objective. The aim of this study was to compare
the incidence of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), proximal junctional failure (PJF), and …

Background Modifiable risk factors (MRFs) represent patient variables associated with
increased complication rates that may be prevented. There exists a paucity of studies that …

Background Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a well-recognized complication following
surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD); however, definitions for PJK and its clinical …