Introduction The degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) becomes innervated by sensory nerve
fibres, and vascularised by blood vessels. This study aimed to identify neurotrophins, …

The basic science underlying the process of bone healing has been a topic of intense research
activity over the past 50 years. Increasing understanding of events on a molecular level …

Introduction The aims of these studies were to identify the cytokine and chemokine expression
profile of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and to determine the relationships between NP cell …

Nerve and blood vessel ingrowth during intervertebral disc degeneration, is thought to be a
major cause of low back pain, however the regulation of this process is poorly understood. …

Study Design. A 10-point questionnaire was constructed to identify the philosophy of surgeons
on various aspects of scoliosis surgery, such as choice of implant, bone graft, autologous …

Background The exact etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is unknown, but
recently, vitamin D has been suggested to be of importance in the pathophysiology of AIS. This …

Polyamines are primordial polycations found in most cells and perform different functions in
different organisms. Although polyamines are mainly known for their essential roles in cell …

Polyamines are evolutionarily ancient polycations derived from amino acids and are pervasive
in all domains of life. They are essential for cell growth and proliferation in eukaryotes …

Hydroxycinnamic acid amides are a class of secondary metabolites distributed widely in
plants. We have identified two sinapoyl spermidine derivatives, N-((4′-O-glycosyl)-sinapoyl),N…

Members of the BAHD family of plant acyl transferases are very versatile catalytically, and
are thought to be able to evolve new substrate specificities rapidly. Acylation of anthocyanins …